Category
26 profiles
130 profiles of this category are not translated yet: see the French page.
Sort: by name · by number of controversies
Justice, police and intelligenceAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “Khashoggi case: US attribution and sanctions despite favourable Saudi judicial outcome” and “Coalition spokesperson in Yemen: initial denials and subsequent admission following strike on funeral gathering”.
6 controversies · 8 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 27 controversies, including “1995: referendum, confrontation with Parliament and beating of hunger-striking MPs” and “1995: favourable remarks about certain aspects of Hitler's regime and initial refusal to withdraw them”.
27 controversies · 52 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 14 controversies, including “1989: Becomes Supreme Leader amid debate over religious qualifications” and “1992–1997: Mykonos restaurant murders — German judgment implicates Iran's highest leaders”.
14 controversies · 14 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 16 controversies, including “August 2020: Coup d'état ousts President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta” and “2020: Detention of political and military officials following coup”.
16 controversies · 19 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 26 controversies, including “2000–2001: Hopes of 'Damascus Spring' followed by swift closure of political space” and “2000–2010: Arbitrary detention, torture, disappearances and persistent restrictions during first decade”.
26 controversies · 23 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Whiskey 108 / Kakarak: civil findings on two killings and pending criminal charges in 2026” and “Darwan / Ali Jan: civil finding concerning death after fall from cliff and pending criminal charge in 2026”.
9 controversies · 10 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 17 controversies, including “1919–1922: Formation of fascist movement and systematic use of squadristi against political opponents” and “1922: March on Rome and accession to power under fascist pressure”.
17 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “12 December 1979 military coup and final conviction for mutiny and treason” and “Bloody suppression of the Gwangju uprising and historical and judicial responsibility”.
8 controversies · 14 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1988: Participation in Tehran 'death commission' during mass executions of political prisoners” and “2018: Publicly defends 1988 executions as achievement of political system”.
15 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “IRGC commanders' letter to Mohammad Khatami following 1999 student protests” and “US sanctions for financial oversight of Quds Force and weapons shipment”.
7 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1936: Central participation in military uprising against Spain's Second Republic” and “1936: Seeks assistance from Nazi Germany and fascist Italy to save and strengthen uprising”.
15 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1935–1937: Command of Kwantung Army military police and rise within Japanese apparatus in Manchuria” and “1937–1938: Kwantung Army chief of staff during expansion of war in China”.
11 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “EU listing under sanctions regime concerning IRGC nuclear and ballistic programmes” and “Public statements calling for Israel's political disappearance and threatening a war of elimination”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “15 July: questions over general staff's response to prior warning and refusal to give oral testimony” and “Russian S-400s: defence of acquisition despite exclusion from F-35 programme and US sanctions”.
9 controversies · 17 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 20 controversies, including “September 2022: Seizes power in second military coup within eight months” and “2022–2024: Promise of rapid return to civilian government followed by major election postponement”.
20 controversies · 17 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1971: Military coup against Milton Obote and seizure of power” and “1971: Deadly purge of Acholi and Langi soldiers considered rivals”.
15 controversies · 4 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “2012: Long-range rocket launch despite UN resolutions” and “2013: Execution of uncle Jang Song Thaek following dramatic purge”.
15 controversies · 12 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 16 controversies, including “April 2021: Unconstitutional military succession following Idriss Déby's death” and “April–May 2021: Crackdown on demonstrations against military takeover”.
16 controversies · 17 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 14 controversies, including “1970s–2011: Longstanding suppression of political, trade union, association and expression freedoms” and “1980s: Declared policy of 'liquidating' Libyan opponents abroad”.
14 controversies · 11 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1963–1975: Takes leadership of Communist Party of Kampuchea and pursues armed revolutionary strategy” and “1975: Decision to empty Phnom Penh and other cities immediately after Khmer Rouge victory”.
15 controversies · 10 sources1 conviction
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1999 letter from IRGC commanders threatening intervention over student demonstrations” and “Listed by UN Security Council in 2007 as key IRGC official”.
11 controversies · 14 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1991–1995: Joint criminal enterprise aimed at permanently removing Bosnian Muslims and Croats from claimed territories” and “1992–1995: Persecution, inhumane detention, torture, rape and sexual violence in municipalities”.
10 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1992–1995: Joint criminal enterprise aimed at permanently removing Bosnian Muslims and Croats from claimed territories” and “1992–1995: Persecution, deportation and forcible transfer in Bosnian municipalities”.
10 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 19 controversies, including “Late 1970s–2003: Death penalty and extrajudicial executions used as instruments of political repression” and “1980: Retroactive criminalisation of membership of Shiite al-Da'wa Party and executions of clerics and opponents”.
19 controversies · 16 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 13 controversies, including “1991–1992: Persecution and forced displacement of Croats and other non-Serbs across large areas of Croatia” and “1991: Crimes around Vukovar and execution of at least 200 people at Ovčara included in indictment”.
13 controversies · 10 sources1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Petition against Gallant over role in Operation Cast Lead rejected by High Court” and “Appointment as chief of staff cancelled following property land scandal”.
8 controversies · 11 sources
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